| Marca y Modelo |
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Gradiente Expert XP-800 (v 1.0), Gradiente Expert GPC-1 (v.1.1)
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| Lanzamiento |
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1985 la v. 1.0 , 1986 la v. 1.1 |
| Siguientes |
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|
| CPU |
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Z80A, a 3.6 MHz |
| ROM |
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32 Kb (BIOS + BASIC), ampliables mediante cartuchos. |
| RAM |
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64 Kb |
| VRAM |
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32 Kb (BIOS + BASIC), ampliables mediante cartuchos |
| Caja |
Rectangular en metal color grafito, de 420 x 110 x 280 mm y un peso de 4,7 Kg con el teclado por separado. En el frontal, slots A y B MSX, y bahía para unida de disco interna (montada de serie en modelos posteriores). Bajo el botón POWER y el slot A, dos conectores Joystick. En los laterales, tornillos de sujección. En la trasera, de acuerdo con al numeración de la imagen de Old-Computers :
- Toma de Tierra
- Conector de BUS de expansión
- Conector de teclado
- Conector de impresora paralelo
- 2 tomas AC para otros equipos (monitor, impresora...)
- Selector de canal de TV
- Salida de modulador TV (PAL M)
- Salida de Video Compuesto en Color (PAL M)
- Toma 6V DC para alimentar la grabadora externa
- Conector RGB DIN 8
- Conector DIN de Casette externa
- Salida RCA A/V monocromo
- Control de sonido
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| Teclado |
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Separado de 420 x 47 x 170mm y 1 Kg de peso (se conecta por una toma MiniDin en la parte trasera de la CPU. QWERTY de 89 teclas con caracteres acentuados. 49 teclas alfanuméricas de color gris claro, A su izquierda teclas ESC, TAB, CTRL, SHIFT y CAPS. A su derecha, BackSpace, Return, SHIFT, todas ellas en gris oscuro. A cada lado de la espaciadora teclas L GRAPH y R GRAPH en color verde ( estas 2, en combinación con las teclas alfanuméricas permiten acceder a los pares de caracteres gráficos indicados en el manual). En la zona superior, 5 teclas de función alargadas en gris oscuro (a diferencia del resto de MSX, rotuladas con las funciones de BASIC), que dan con SHIFT un total de 10 funciones programables. Otro bloque de 5 teclas similares : STOP (roja), HOME/CLS, SELECT, INSERT y DELETE (gris oscuro).
En el lado derecho, Keypad de 12 teclas gris claro + 4 tecla de operadores en gris oscuro. Debajo 4 teclas de cursor en color azul.
|
| Pantalla |
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Chip de gráficos TMS9918 con capacidad de sprites.
16 colores disponibles.
- SCREEN 0 : texto de 40 x 24 con 2 colores
- SCREEN 1 : texto de 32 x 24 con 16 colores
- SCREEN 2 : graficos de 256 x 192 con 16 colores
- SCREEN 3 : graficos de 64 x 48 con 16 colores
Caracteres redefinibles por el usuario.
|
| Sonido |
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Chip de sonido AY-3-8910 con 3 canales de 8 octavas de sonido mas uno de ruido blanco. |
| Soporte |
- Cartuchos ROM MSX
- Casette MSX estandar a 2400 baudios
- Discos 5'25 y 3'5 formato MSX (compatible PC salvo en la BOOT) de simple y doble cara.
|
| Entrada/Salida |
- Conector de TV (modulador RF) PAL M.
- Conectores RCA de Audio/Video compuesto Monocromo.
- Conector RCA de Video Color PAL M.
- 2 ports de joystick/paddle/ratón/tracball norma MSX. Aceptan joystick norma Atari.
- 2 Port de cartucho MSX.
- 1 conector de BUS de expansioó
- Conector DIN de casette MSX NO estándar.
- Puerto paralelo diferente del resto de MSX
- 2 salidas AC 125/220 (hasta 100 W)
- Salida 6 V DC
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| Varios |
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El Gradiente Expert, junto con el Sharp HotBit (presentados ambos en la 5 Feria Internacional de Informatica - Septiembre 1985 en Sao Paulo) barren literalmente del mapa al floreciente parque de compatibles TRS-80 y Spectrum que hasta ese momento dominan el panorama en Brasil. Realizan una fuerte campaña publicitaria que da de inmediato fruto. En la lucha de ambas es Gradiente la que se acaba llevando el gato al agua, forzando a Hotbit a sacar una versión de su equipo compatible con su ROM modificada para los caracteres acentuados portugueses.
El mapeo de memoria de los Gradiente será una fuente de problemas, pues en este primer modelo se presentan problemas de contactos en los 3 chips principales, que el fabricante soluciona con un Custom Chip en los Expert DD que incluye los 3 chips (Z80, sonido y video), pero mapea la RAM en un slot secundario. La mayor parte de los programas brasileños (incluso los desarrollados por Gradiente) no contemplan esa posibilidad, lo que se traduce en cuelgues (algo parecido ocurre con varias ampliaciones en cartucho de 128 o 256 Kb).
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| Destacable |
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Juegos, Programación, Educación. |
| Recursos del Museo de los 8 Bits |
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| Usenet |
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| Servidores FTP |
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ftp.funet.fi
ftp.physic.ut.ee
ftp.glasnet.ru
|
| Emuladores |
- fMSX (Unix, Mac, MS-DOS, Windows, PC9800, etc.)
fMSX es un emulador de MSX/MSX2/MSX2+ portable escrito en C por Marat Fayzullin. Al estar escrito en C, y distribuirse su código fuente libremente para propósitos no comerciales, numerosos ports y extensiones se han desarrollado para diferentes plataformas, como la version MS DOS de Marcel de Kogel y la version Macintosh de John Stiles. Si te interesa desarrollar otro port, es algo altamente aconsejado. La version Windows95/WinG puede obtenerse del autor por 35 $ USA (con una demo gratuita). fMSX puede conseguirse en http://www.komkon.org/fms/fMSX/"
fMSX-DOS tiene su propio site : fMSX-DOS Distribution Site.
Personally, I really like this emulator (as far as I use emulators!). It's
optimized to deliver maximal performance on the MS-DOS platform. For this
emulator, various 'Launchers' for Windows can be downloaded. For URL's see the links database of The MSX Resource Center (and my bookmarks, emulator section), but a very nice
one is fMSX QuickStart, by Arjan Steenbergen. It can be downloaded here.
- fMSX-Amiga (Amiga)
This is an Amiga version of fMSX branched from the portable version
by Hans Guijt a long time ago. It is quite different from the
mainstream version and optimized to deliver maximal perfomance on
Amiga platform.
- CJS MSX2 (MSDOS)
MSX2 emulator by CJS is able to access files in the MSDOS partitions,
emulates both MSX and MSX2, supports mouse, it is fast, and has very
extensive documentation. You may
have known its previous versions under names "PC MSX1 emulator" and
"MSX099". A real disadvantage is that the author seem to have given it up.
There have been no updates since 1995 or so. CJS MSX2 can be obtained from
http://ftp.castel.nl/msx/.
- AmiMSX 2 (Amiga)
AmiMSX is written by Juan Antonio Gomez Galvez. Its performance is quite
impressive even on an A3000/25. It was crippleware, but now the keys are PD.
It supports PSG or SCC and requires at least OS2.0 and 680X20.
It can be obtained from: http://www.arrakis.es/~joanant/amsx.htm.
- Virtual MSX (Windows)
The development on this emulator has stopped; the author is developing
the MSX emulator in MESS now.
Virtual MSX is not really worthwhile, as current emulators are much
better. For information on Virtual MSX (including uninstall, and converting
Virtual MSX file formats .tap and gmaster2.ram) go to http://www.msxnet.org/vmsx/.
Virtual MSX is a windows-only emulator by Sean Young and has an emulation
core written in assembly language, and extensive GUI. Only MSX
(not MSX2/MSX2+) is emulated though. Needs WinG.
- MSX4PC (MS-DOS)
This is a commercial MSX emulator produced in Netherlands. It is
programmed by Adriaan van Doorn and published by MCCM. It can be obtained
from http://www.mccm.aktu.nl/
- BrMSX (MS-DOS)
A MS-DOS MSX emulator made by Ricardo Bittencourt. It is said to be the most
stable and complete emulator for MS-DOS. Especially MSX1 emulation is (almost)
perfect. Is also quite fast on slower machines. Now also MSX2 emulation. More info can be found
here: http://www.lsi.usp.br/~ricardo/brmsx.htm.
The emulator can be obtained from that page too.
- Java MSX Emulator
In very early state of development. More info on: http://www.medicina.ufmg.br/~arnon/msxemu/.
- MSKISS (MS-DOS)
By ISS'98. Also in early state of development, but now also supports MSX2
and MSX2+. Can be obtained from: http://www.salleURL.edu/~is05562/msx_ing.html
- RuMSX (MS-Windows)
By Rudolf Lechleitner. The first MSX Emulator with full support for MSX2+
and MSX Turbo R, but still in development. Can be obtained from http://members.EUnet.at/lexlechz/msx.html
or http://www.msxnet.org/gtinter/r-emuj.htm or
http://members.eunet.at/lexlechz/.
- PowerMSX (MS-DOS)
PowerMSX is a MSX emulator for DOS. It emulates a MSX1 with 64Kb of RAM and emulates
tapes as tape images and disk as disk images. Screen 3 is very slow and
without sprites. The emulator currently is at a very early stage of development
but already runs a lot of games. Even some Europian games that were not expected
to work run, like Venom, Profanation, Army Moves, Hundra, etc... It features
good emulated PSG sound also. Lacking noise channel. It seems development has
stopped now. More info and download on:
http://members.xoom.com/_XOOM/MSXe/
- No$MSX (MS-DOS and Windows)
This emulator has been solely programmed for the reason to play H.E.R.O.
and Beamrider, please notice that No$msx can hardly compete with other
emulators: not much work put into the project, and not much support planned
in future. Slowly its capabilities are growing though, it now also includes MSX2 emulation. More info and download (including some nice
tools!) on: http://www.work.de/nocash/msx.htm
- NLMSX (MS-Windows)
A new emulator developed by Frits Hilderink of the former MSX Computer Club
Enschede, The Netherlands. It was originally based on fMSX, by Marat Fayzullin, but has now only its Z80 core; the rest is totally rewritten. It is one of the most complete and accurate MSX emulators for Windows. More info and download on: http://nlmsx.generation-msx.nl/.
- MESS (Windows 9x/NT, Unix, Mac, Amiga)
MESS emulates over a hunderd different machines, one of which is the MSX1. The
MESS code is based on MAME. Currently, there
is no disk emulation or MSX2 support; however it emulates many cartridge types.
Also tape emulation is done through .wav files; authentic emulation (does not
catch BIOS hooks). More info is on: MESS homepage and
MESS MSX driver WIP.
- openMSX (Linux and Windows)
One of the newest MSX emulators. Development started in 2001. It is a totally new concept of emulating an MSX. The purpose is to emulate the MSX standard as accurately as possible. Therefore, it is object oriented: all devices are seperate objects that communicate with each other via the motherboard, like in a real MSX. Currently it is still in the alpha phase and only targeted for developers. It is usable though and currently already the most accurate MSX emulator available. Note that it is completely Open Source. More info is on http://openmsx.sf.net.
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| Net Resources |
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| Ampliaciones |
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Controladoras de disco :
Unidades de disco con Controladora Integrada:
Lapiz óptico.
Cartucho de Red SVI.
Cartucho 80 columnas.
Cartucho RS232/Modem.
Modem 1200/75 Hotbit HB-3000
Modem 1200/75 Hotbit HB-3001
Cassete Hotbit HB-2400
Joystick Hotbit HB-100
Los siguientes artículos pueden adquirirse de Padial (diseñador español de nuevo Hard MSX):
Adaptadores SCSI (CD ROM, Disco Duro,...).
Ampliaciones de memoria (hasta 4 megas).
Expansores de bus
Adaptador de teclado PC
Adaptador de raton PS/2
De otros fabricantes:
Moonsound
Tarjeta Grafica
Interfaz IDE
Adaptador CompactaFlash-IDE
Interfaz SCSI |
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